TMS 2023 BACK TO BUSINESS AT TMS2023

With nearly 4,500 attendees gathered in San Diego CA, the TMS 2023 Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2023) was the fourth best-attended meeting in TMS history, marking a return to business as usual (more or less) after two decidedly unusual years for the Society's biggest event. By comparison, approximately 2,600 individuals came together in person for TMS2022 in Anaheim CA. One year earlier, TMS2021--held as a fully virtual conference--attracted 2,967 attendees from around the world. This year's event, held Mar 19-23 in one of TMS's most popular meeting locations, brought the conference back closer to its pre-COVID participation numbers. The last time TMS met in San Diego was in 2020 (shortly before widespread pandemic shutdowns began) when more than 4,600 individuals came together for the largest meeting in the Society's history.

Women's Participation in Firms' Management and Their Impact on Financial Performance: Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 Period Evidence

At a time when gender equality is a key priority of all international organizations, this paper can be considered a remarkable contribution to the role of women executives in firms' performance. More specifically, this study focuses on the effect of women holding positions of responsibility on firms' performance worldwide. For the purposes of our research, we applied cross-sectional and panel data analysis for all sectors at an international level from 2019, the year preceding the breakout of the pandemic crisis, to 2021, while the indicators used to measure the participation of women in executive positions are classified as ESG indices. The empirical analysis findings end up showing that the participation of women in executive positions positively affects firms' performance over time, while there is no material change observed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. More specifically, when the percent of women processing job positions of responsibility increases by 10%, then the index of profitability will increase from 1.4% to 1.8%, regardless of the measurement of female participation in executive positions used. The results of this study constitute a remarkable contribution to the promotion of the creative economy, the progress of societies, and sustainable development. The research's outcome can be primarily used by policymakers drawing up policies for achieving gender equality in the labor market and workplaces and by shareholders and firms' managers in order to trust females in executive positions in favor of their firms' financial performance. The current study is unique in that it focuses on the period before and during the COVID-19 period, as a period of high volatility in economic activity worldwide, while the sample includes firms from large and mid-cap companies belonging to developed and emerging markets. The above approach will contribute to providing more credible information related to the role of women executives in firms' performance.

Leadership in uncertain times

ContextThis work was carried out alongside the Association of Directors of Public Health (ADPHL) Steering Group on Supporting Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities during and beyond Covid – working with public health leaders in London, particularly local authority directors of public health and their teams.Issue/ChallengeDuring the first wave of the Covid pandemic, in 2020, there was renewed public and professional interest in ethnic inequalities in health, following the release of the Public Health England (PHE) reports, which highlighted the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19, particularly amongst Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities.At the same time, there was an increased social awareness of the impacts of racism and the Black Lives Matter movement, following the murder of George Floyd.There was a moment in time to speak out on the situation and that emboldened us to be heard in a way we haven't been heard before. Reflecting on our experience as black female public health leaders in the London public health landscape, the challenge was how we capture this and respond to this matter in a way that brings real change and maintains momentum.A particular piece of work was supporting the development of the ADPHL policy statement ‘Racism is a public health issue' and its related action plans.Traditionally, the medical/healthcare professions have been challenged in understanding and taking into account the impact of racism in health. There is an identified need for a different kind of health leadership during these uncertain times.-Although there is increased interest and discussion of racism and its impacts currently, we anticipate challenges with maintaining momentum, particularly at senior level, to embed lasting changeThere is limited research on the experiences of black leaders working in this context and how they are heard, involved or valuedAssessment of issue and analysis of its causesWe looked at examples of leadership on this subject matter at local, regional and national level, including an understanding, lived experiences and perception of discrimination, support at work and in health outcomes, health literacy and access, behaviour and attitudes, black and ethnic minority workforce experiences and morale.ImpactOur work has been recognised across London local authorities, wider health and care partners and national public health forums.We were awarded the Faculty of Public Health Sam Ramaiah Award.Our work has influenced partner organisations to develop actions plans or strategies around tackling structural racism (e.g. Greater London Authority).Our work has motivated fellow Directors and Consultants to have conversations on this uncomfortable subject matter, in a way they've never done before and consider how we maintain this momentum.It has also led to creating a safe space through a network of ‘Black' leaders, where we can reflect on our professional development in uncertain times.InterventionAs above, we wanted our voices to be heard in response to the challenges that were faced. During the process of developing the position statement and action plan, we considered our own positions as effective leaders in this space, how we continue to maintain momentum of this agenda, and influence other system leaders in tackling racism in public health.We invited speakers from other organisations to our working group to challenge us on these concepts as system leaders, and considered how we could bring the service users' voice to hold us to account, as well as provide their perspectives.We also organised and facilitated workshops with London local authority public health Directors and Consultants on this subject matter.Involvement of stakeholders, such as patients, carers or family members:There was no direct patient involvement, however we shared our lived experiences.Key MessagesReflecting on our experience as senior black healthcare leaders leading effective multicultural teams and addressing health inequalities we found that:There is change and changing language around racism and ealthCultural competency and cultural humility in leadership plays a crucial role and there are different views so we need to look at the different perspectives and actually understand what it meansAlthough leading whilst holding discomfort is universal there appears to be disproportionate burdenThe impact on perception, behaviour and morale from a workforce and patient/community perspectiveSupport and peer engagement does not always happenThe narrative can be deemed to be repetitive and nuances get missedLessons learntThere is interest in leading this wayHolding the ambiguity and discomfort is universal to leadership in this context and so as leaders of this agenda we need to ensure we do not respond to the pressure to react with immediacyWe learnt that we still need allies and we need timeMeasurement of improvementThis is ongoing and will be measured using qualitative approaches such as through the various dialogues across the public system, training and organisational development.Strategy for improvementWe will look at this as part of the workforce development, share at conferences and through the work with ADPH.

The State of Childcare: Exploring Childcare Center Directors' Perceptions on the Past, Present, and Future

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine childcare directors' perceptions of the state of childcare centers throughout southwest Ohio. Seventeen directors were surveyed regarding the changes they have witnessed over the past decade, and how they envision the future of childcare. The results indicated that the childcare field has experienced many challenging issues such as, teacher retention, a lack of professionalism, and an increase in children's behavior problems. In addition, directors discussed the need for higher pay and incentives to attract (and keep) qualified teachers. With added requirements from Ohio's Quality Rating Improvement System (QRIS), program directors were feeling overwhelmed and stressed. The COVID-19 pandemic also put a significant financial strain on programs, however, some directors believed that the pandemic also helped to recognize the importance of childcare. The article concludes with recommendations for the future, and possible strategies to address the concerns discussed by the directors.

Childcare Directors' Perceptions of the Past Decade and What the Future Holds

In an effort to learn more about childcare directors' perceptions, this study surveyed seventeen directors in southwest Ohio. The participants were asked about specific challenges they have experienced over the last decade, and how they envision the future of childcare. The results revealed that the topics most commonly discussed by directors were related to teacher shortages, retention of staff, and an increase in children's behavior problems. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated many of the issues mentioned by directors, especially with the addition of new state, federal, and licensing requirements. Many also feared the permanent closure of centers due to financial strains and a lack of resources at the state and federal level. The article concludes with implications for childcare directors to be able to move forward and continue providing high-quality care and education for children and families.

Board gender diversity, firm performance and corporate financial distress risk: international evidence from tourism industry

PurposeThis paper examines contextual factors that affect the association between board gender diversity and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a global sample of listed firms in the tourism industry in 30 countries from 2015 to 2020.FindingsFirst, firm performance is positively associated with the proportion of female directors on a board. Second, the positive association between firm performance and the proportion of female directors on the board is higher in (1) countries with stronger shareholder rights, (2) countries with stronger securities law regulation stipulating disclosure of board diversity, (3) countries with stronger economic empowerment of women, and (4) during the COVID-19 crisis. Third, corporate financial distress risk is lower in firms with higher proportion of female directors on the board. Fourth, the negative association between corporate financial distress risk and the proportion of female directors on the board is more pronounced in (1) countries with stronger securities law regulations stipulating disclosure of board gender diversity, (2) countries with stronger economic empowerment of women, and (3) during the COVID-19 crisis.Originality/valueThe results indicate that contextual factors (comprising country-level corporate governance structures, economic empowerment of women and economic crisis) can affect the association between board gender diversity and firm performance.

"The Lens of Now": Interview with Lucie Tiberghien, Founding Artistic Director of Molière in the Park

This wide-ranging interview with Lucie Tiberghien, Founding Artistic Director of Molière in the Park, covers topics including: Tiberghien's interest in Brooklyn as a site of production and performance for the theatre organization;strategies to overcome the challenges raised by the Covid-19 pandemic – particularly the move to an online platform – and how this shift to the digital led to new ways of thinking about theatre publics, performance, and the making of theatre;the question of representation in casting;and how Molière in the Park makes anti-racist and inclusive theatre with plays written during the early modern period.

Do women on boards enhance firm performance? Evidence from top Indian companies

This paper examines whether gender diversity (GD) on corporate boards influences financial performance (FP) of Indian firms using System Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methods by considering panel data of 364 firms during 2017 to 2021, comprising of 1820 firm-year observations. The study reveals that the mere presence of a woman director (WD) on boards makes no difference in financial performance. Presence of WDs as a significant portion of the boards and their active roles in the functioning and governance of companies positively contribute to firms' financial performances and economic value creation. Regarding other governance parameters, the study shows that larger boards do not necessarily improve firm performance. Also, independent directors do not necessarily add value to corporate performance and value creation. While a higher promoter's stake is an important factor for Indian companies to drive corporate performance, firms with separate CEO and chairperson outperform firms with CEO duality. The study also reveals that the covid 19 pandemic has negatively influenced the financial performance and economic profit generation of the Indian firms. This study is important for several reasons. First, this study considers the period (2017–2021) when Indian companies adopted new financial reporting practices (IND-AS) in line with International Financial Reporting System (IFRS), the mandatory quota system of women directors' appointment is implemented and new corporate governance norms are implemented. Hence, our study contributes to the literature by proving meaningful insights on the role of gender diversity and other corporate governance parameters on financial performance of Indian firms in the light of newly adopted accounting and financial reporting practices. Second, few previous India based studies have mostly used pooled OLS or fixed effect models, and did not address the endogeneity problem in different forms like Dynamic Endogeneity, Simultaneity, and Unobserved Heterogeneity. This paper addresses the endogeneity problem appropriately by using the system generalized method of moments (GMM) while modelling the relation between WDs and firms' FP. Therefore, the findings of this study are more reliable and unbiased and can be useful for effective policy making on gender diversity and corporate governance issues. Third, few prior studies which have looked into the role of WDs on FP of Indian firms, have mostly used return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q as performance parameters. Here, in addition to ROA, ROE and Tobin's Q, we also use economic value added (EVA) as indicators of corporate performance to understand the role of WDs on economic value creation for companies. The EVA is considered as modern technique to measure the economic profit earned by a firm, and it has gained huge popularity among companies as an improved technique for measuring financial performance for companies. To the best of our knowledge, the role of WDs on economic value creation by firms has not been investigated before particularly in the Indian context. This is another unique contribution of this study. Fourth, the Covid 19 pandemic had impacted global economy severely and India was no exception. Financial performances of most Indian firms were negatively impacted due to the nationwide lockdown and uncertainties about production, revenue and earnings. This study considers both the pre and post Covid 19 pandemic period in examining our central research question using a year dummy. Therefore, our study also captures whether the covid 19 pandemic has actually impacted the financial performance of Indian firms, while modelling this relation. This is another valuable and unique contribution of this study to the literature. The findings of this study provide an understanding of how board gender diversity and other governance parameters influence financial performance of Indian firms in an emerging market context. The outcomes are also explained and aligned with the relevant policy implications in th light of recent Indian corporate governance norms and policies. These findings are useful to the companies and policymakers, as they can use these findings while designing effective boards, which can be useful in improving firm performance. Board of directors, investors, regulators, and policymakers can effectively use these findings to understand how gender diverse boards and other corporate governance parameters influence firms' financial performance under the concentrated ownership pattern.

The reasons for the appeal letter from the directors of Community Mental Health Centers

The appeal signed in January 2023 by 91 directors of Community Mental Health Centers addressed to the highest political authorities of Italy is discussed. It begins with an analysis of the critical situation in which public psychiatric care finds itself, especially after the COVID19 pandemic and in the presence of a problematic social and economic situation. The validity of the biopsychosocial paradigm in community mental health is affirmed. The link between mental health and justice is addressed, and the need for a discussion table among all the actors involved is suggested. The paragraphs of this article are the following: "An appeal to raise awareness", "The objectives", "Mental health and justice", "The resources", "The mental health professionals", "Some conclusive perspectives".

The Effectiveness of Virtual Assessment Center Platform

The Assessment Center (AC) Method has been widely used as one of the evaluation methods for selecting, promoting, and developing leaders in a company. In Indonesia, AC has also been used for selecting the Board of Directors, especially in State-Owned Enterprises (Peraturan Menteri BUMN, 2021). In the digital era, the demand for a fast and flexible assessment center increased and became essential for selecting the right candidate as evidenced by a 57-percent rise of the Assessment Center project from 2017 to 2021. In response to COVID-19 pandemic as well as to cope with the increasing demand, Assessment Center Indonesia (ACI), by Telkom Indonesia, has been developing a Virtual Assessment Center (VAC) which has been implemented for AC in Telkom since the middle of 2020. The current study was conducted as an effort to examine its effectiveness. ACI tested the effectiveness of Virtual Assessment Center (VAC) using the effectiveness framework that measures: 1) ease of use, 2) perceived usefulness, and 3) the consistency of virtual and offline AC results. The first and second aspect of effectiveness indicators were collected by using questionnaires and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. As for testing the consistency of virtual and offline AC result, the ratings of nine competencies from 32 employees who took offline and virtual AC in 2021-2022 were gathered and were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The result showed that participants' perceived ease of use in the Virtual AC group is slightly higher than the offline method. As for the human capital users' usefulness, it was confirmed that the Virtual AC was perceived as more effective than offline methods. Moreover, from the Virtual AC administrator's perspective, they agreed that the Virtual AC supported the flexibility of time, place, and number of participants. In addition, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test also validated that there were no significant differences between the pairs' rating of nine competencies measured by either offline or virtual methods (p> 0.05). The results from the three perspectives above showed that Virtual AC can be regarded as an effective replacement of the offline assessment. Further analysis is still needed to compare the validity of offline versus virtual AC. Practical implications also provided in the research paper. © 2022 IEEE.

Investigating the link between board independence and dividend distributions in South Africa

Purpose: As shareholder-elected monitors, independent non-executive directors (INEDs) should ensure that managers do not retain earnings to promote their own interests. The relationship between board independence and dividend distributions was hence investigated for selected companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The country offers a well-developed corporate governance framework to listed companies. Design/methodology/approach: Data on the considered companies' dividend payout ratios (DPRs), board independence and six control variables were obtained from Bloomberg for the period 2007-2021. The significance of the observed trends in these variables was considered by conducting analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) tests. The hypothesised relationship was assessed using a mixed-model regression. Findings/results: The results are in line with prior research showing that dividends are often omitted or reduced during and after crisis periods, that is, the global financial crisis (2008/2009) and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020/2021). A negative but statistically insignificant relationship was reported between DPR and board independence. Practical implications: Although board independence was not significantly related to dividend distributions for the sampled companies, INEDs still perform an important monitoring role. Shareholders are thus encouraged to play a more active role in the election of these directors. Originality/value: This study extends and refines previous research in South Africa and reveals new insights regarding board independence and dividend distributions during three King regimes and distribution-related regulatory changes. Copyright: © 2023. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Gender diversity and risk-taking: evidence from dual banking systems

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the relationship between gender diversity and the risk profile of 141 listed banks from 14 emerging countries over the period of 2012–2020. Specifically, this study investigates whether the relationship between gender diversity and banking risk varies between Islamic banks and conventional banks, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second aim is to investigate whether COVID-19 health crisis moderates the effect of gender diversity on banks' risk-taking behavior within a dual banking system. Design/methodology/approach: This study derives its theoretical foundation from both the token theory and the critical mass theory. Both fixed and random effects are combined to examine the relationship between gender diversity and bank risk-taking in emerging countries. Findings: The results show that female presence on the board of directors reduces banks' financial risk. However, the presence of women continues to positively affect the capital adequacy ratio of large banks. The results also show that the presence of at least two female directors significantly reduces banking risk. The findings support the expectations of the token and critical mass theories. In addition, the presence of female board members, per se, does not influence the risk-taking behavior of Islamic banks. Finally, this study demonstrates that the moderating role of the COVID-19 health crisis is only more effective for large banks than for small ones. The analyses demonstrate good reliability and robustness of the findings of this study. Practical implications: The study provides novel insights for policymakers and practitioners on how female directors impact banks' risk-taking behavior in dual-banking countries. It also contributes to the debate on gender diversity and corporate governance literature, which can help in monitoring bank risk-taking and improving financial stability. Originality/value: This study presents new evidence about the importance of board gender diversity for bank risk-taking in a dual banking system by considering the moderating influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also contributes to the literature on bank risk-taking by applying two measures of gender diversity and a critical mass of women on boards. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Do female independent directors reduce corporate risk taking during COVID-19?

This article examines the impact of female independent directors on corporate risk taking during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that there is a negative relationship between female independent directors and corporate risk taking, indicating that female independent directors can effectively lower risks during this period. In addition, it is reported that the negative impact of female independent directors on firm risks is pronounced in the hospitality industry, as well as in regions with higher confirmed cases of COVID-19. Our results call for greater female independent directors' recruitment in the boardroom, yielding benefits of lowering firm risks during a crisis. © 2023 City University of Hong Kong and National Taiwan University.

Phantom Sounds, Haunting Images

Powerful, imaginative, and long-lasting, the half-year mobilisation and its iconography are hard to forget, and the ongoing political crackdown keeps our memory alive with constant republications of photographs and video clips of the events. Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and the proclamation of the National Security Law (NSL) on 30 June 2020, protests have, however, almost disappeared from Hong Kong's public spaces. [...]many films, books, and artworks have vanished from screening venues, shops, and libraries. Soon after the end of the movement, two anonymous books documented these ephemeral displays challenging authorities and urban order (Abaddon 2020;Guardian of Hong Kong 2020). [...]in October 2021, the Film Censorship Ordinance was amended to align with the NSL (Ho 2021b).

Corporate governance in a post-pandemic world

The breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique set of challenges that threatened the reality of business as we knew it. Weaknesses in business structures, direction, and governance became more glaring, with ripple effects that will continue to unravel in the years to come. The adoption of corporate governance standards in Nigeria is still at low levels, and the pandemic is forcing many enterprises to take a closer look at their preparedness for an uncertain future. In this chapter, we explore the practical contribution of corporate governance to organisational success and key lessons that businesses should adopt as we accept the new realities of a post-pandemic world. © 2023 Kemi Ogunyemi and Adaora I. Onaga. All rights reserved.

Online sustainability disclosure practices in the university context. The role of the board of directors

PurposeThe study aims to examine the impact of corporate governance in terms of certain board characteristics on the level of universities' voluntary sustainability disclosure.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis based on a comprehensive disclosure index – that also accounts for the impact that COVID-19 exerted on the social dimension of university activities – is performed on a sample of Italian public universities' websites for the year 2020. An ordinary least squares regression model is estimated to test the association between universities' board characteristics, namely, board size, board independence and board gender diversity (including the presence of a female rector), and online sustainability disclosure.FindingsThis study provides evidence that websites represent a valid tool used by universities to highlight their social performance and demonstrate their commitment to dealing with the pandemic's social and economic disruption by supporting their stakeholders. Board gender diversity and female Rector's presence are crucial factors that positively impact voluntary sustainability disclosure levels.Practical implicationsPolicymakers and regulators can benefit from the study's findings. Using the results of this study, they may reflect on the need to regulate sustainability reporting in universities. In addition, findings may offer policymakers inspiration for regulating the presence of women on university boards.Originality/valueThis study offers novel contributions to existing literature analysing the university's voluntary sustainability disclosure practices through alternative communication tools such as websites. Moreover, it provides novel insight into the role of the board gender diversity in university sustainability disclosure practices.

LIDERAZGO DE DIRECTORAS(ES) NOVELES Preparación y resistencia al cambio en contexto de pandemia

This study researched the role of directors appointed shortly before the COVID-19 lockdown. Interviews were held with directors from eight elementary schools at a socio-educational disadvantage, and content analysis was used to discover their decisions for addressing the contingency. The results show that some schools were able to attain the minimum conditions for operating in the emergency, and demonstrated a concern for improving pedagogical aspects. Readiness for change was the greatest when the director first mobilized an emotional component, enabling concrete actions. The conclusion is that the organizational cultures best prepared for change responded with greater ease to the director's proposals, especially when they had a pedagogical focus. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Este artículo indagó en el rol de directoras(es) recién nombrados en sus cargos justo antes del confinamiento por la COVID-19. Mediante entrevistas a directoras(es) de ocho escuelas básicas en condición de desventaja socioeducativa, se realizó un análisis de contenido para conocer sus decisiones para enfrentar la contingencia. Los resultados muestran que algunas escuelas lograron armonizar las condiciones mínimas para operar en la emergencia y una preocupación por mejorar aspectos pedagógicos. La preparación para el cambio fue mayor en los casos en que primero el director(a) movilizó un componente emocional, lo que posibilitó realizar acciones concretas. Se concluye que las culturas organizacionales mejor preparadas para el cambio pudieron responder con mayor facilidad a la propuesta del director(a), sobre todo cuando estuvo marcada por un foco pedagógico. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa is the property of Consejo Mexicano de Investigacion Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Editor's Preface

Charles McDaniel, associate professor in the Interdisciplinary Core Program of Baylor University's Honors College, raises such issues in "American Christianity and the New Eugenics: Consumer-ism, Human Genetics, and the Challenge to Christian Personhood." Among Evangelical Christians, after Margaret Mead, perhaps the best-known anthropology major is Billy Graham. In a review and response, Elmer John Thiessen, adjunct professor of phi-losophy at Emmanuel Christian College, reviews Perry L. Glanzer and Na-than F. Alleman's The Outrageous Idea of Christian Teaching.

Academic Directors Facing Internet Addictions, Learning and Health Promotion

The result that is presented is expressed from a bibliographic review of works published during the last two years 2020-2022 and, through which it was possible to verify the relationships that are established between the work of the Academic Directors, before the latent challenge and visible that is the crossroads of Internet addictions, by university students, increased in the stage already overcome of social isolation imposed by Covid 19 but, with emphasis on the achievement of learning at this high educational level, its risks and consequent decreases in the attacks that occur as a result of procrastination. All associated with the addictive phenomenon, in a projection of health promotion that the current, humanistic, modern and developing university should not give up in any way, being precisely in this direction an unavoidable pillar of social development, which lies precisely in the high professional qualification. of the new generations committed to a prosperous and sustainable social change. © 2023 Varela et al.

Current Research Trends in Commerce and Management: A Survey 2022

Current Research Trends in Commerce and Management: A Survey 2022 By K L Narasimha Murthy Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, India, Pages: 340, Price: ?990 ISBN: 978-81-212-6475-4 (Print) PREMISE The book has covered new age concepts and approaches, in the area of environment, development, management, governance, and technology, with significant contribution in contemporary and topical scenarios, in the present world economies, and hold a great insights in approaches and applications in current research trends in Commerce and Management, for the research scholars, students, teachers, NGO sector, national and international organizations. Circular economy can play a yeoman's role in the preservation of environment, lowers emissions, consumes minimal natural resources, produce lower trash and facilitate waste to wealth, drives employment growth, innovations, and propel higher economic growth, promotes resource independence, safeguarding life and well being. The book also identified new areas of research in CSR, community development, innovative insurance strategies, AI in healthcare, cost benefit, input output analysis, operation research, new perspective in growth and development strategies, sustainability and green economy, to remain at the forefront of time and space.